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Hepatitis E Virus Antigen ELISA

Product Code: HEV-AG001

Principle: Two-Step Incubation, Double Antibody “Sandwich”

INTENDED USE

This HEV Ag kit is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the qualitative detection of hepatitis E viral antigen (HEV Ag) in serum, plasma, or stool samples of human and animal origins. It is intended for use in environmental screening or clinical laboratories for diagnosis and management of infected animals and patients related to infection with hepatitis E virus.

SUMMARY

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a non-enveloped, single- stranded RNA virus identified in 1990. Infection with HEV induces acute or sub-clinical liver diseases similar to hepatitis A. HEV infections, endemic and frequently epidemic in developing countries, is seen also in developed countries in a sporadic form with or without a history of traveling to endemic area. The overall case-fatality is 0.5~3%, and much higher (15~25%) among pregnant women.

A hypothesis that HEV infection is a zoonosis was presented in 1995. Then a swine HEV and later an avian HEV were identified and sequenced separately in 1997 and 2001. Since then, HEV infection include anti-HEV, viremia and feces excretion of HEV was seen in a wide variety of animals, i.e., swine, rodents, wild monkeys, deer, cow, goats, dogs and chicken in both the developing and developed countries. A direct testimony was reported that the consumption of uncooked dear meat contaminated with HEV led to acute hepatitis E in human, and HEV genome sequences can be detected in pork livers and biles available in the supermarkets in Japan.

Indigenous hepatitis E is increasingly recognized in developed countries, where it may be a zoonosis. Recently, secondary transmission of hepatitis E indigenous to a nonhyperendemic country was shown to be infected by blood transfusion.

The new HEV antigen ELISA was therefore developed for fast and simple screening of potential reservoirs such as sera, plasma, and well-treated stool samples of infected animals and humans.

PRINCIPLE OF THE ASSAY

This HEV Ag ELISA kit uses polystyrene microwell strips pre-coated with rabbit anti-HEV antibodies directed against the structural proteins ORF-2 of the native virus. Patient’s or animal´s serum, plasma or PBS dissolved stool sample is added into the microwells.

In case of presence of HEV Ag in the sample, the pre-coated antibodies will be bound to the viral antigen and during the first incubation step, the specific immunocomplex formed is captured on the solid phase. After washing to remove unbound sample, second, monoclonal anti-HEV antibody conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added into the wells. During the second incubation step, this antibody will bind to the HEV antigens if they have been captured by anti-HEV antibodies during the first incubation step. The unbound HRP conjugate is removed during washing and Chromogen solutions containing Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and urea peroxide are added into the wells. In presence of the antibody-antigen-antibody (HRP) “sandwich” complex, the colorless Chromogens are hydrolyzed by the bound HRP-Conjugate to a blue colored product. The blue color turns yellow after stopping the reaction with sulfuric acid. The amount of color intensity can be measured and is proportional to the amount of antibody captured in the wells, and to the sample respectively. Wells containing samples negative for HEV antigens remain colorless.

COMPONENTS

96 Tests:

Microwellplate 1plate
Negative Control 1vial
Positive control 1vial
HRP-Conjugate Reagent 1vial
Stock wash buffer 1bottle
Chromogen solution A 1vial
Chromogen solution B 1vial
Stop solution 1vial
Plastic sealable bag 1unit
Plate cover 2 sheets
Package Inserts 1copy

THE ASSAY PROCEDURE

Dilute stool sample with PBS for 5 times
Add sample and Controls each 100µl
Incubate for 60minutes
Wash for 5 times
Add HRP-Conjugate each 100µl
Incubate for 30minutes
Wash for 5 times
Coloring : 50ml A + 50ml B
Incubate for 30minutes
Stop the reaction with 50ml stop solution
Read the absorbance 450nm or 450/630 nm

REFERENCES

1. Balayan, MS, Andzhapandze AG, Savinskaya SS, Ketiladze ES, Bradinski DM, Savinow AP, Poleschuk VF. Evidence for a virus n non-A, non-B hepatitis transmitted via the fecal oral route. Intervirology 1983; 20:23.

2. Bradly DW. Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. In AJ Zuckerman (ed), British Medical Bulletin 46 (2). Churchill Livingstone, New York. Pp.442-461

3. Reyes GR, Purdy MA, Kim JP, et al. Isolation of a cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science 1990; 247: 1335–1339.

4. Clayson E, Innis B, Myint K, et al. Detection of hepatitis E virus infections among domestic swine in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal. Am J Trop Med Hyg,1995,53:228–232.

5. Meng XJ, Purcell RH, Halbur PG, et al. A novel virus in swine is closely related to the human hepatitis E virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1997, 94: 9860–9865.

6. Tei S, Kitajima N, Takahashi K, et al. Zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E virus from deer to human beings. Lancet 2003; 362(9381):371

7. Wang CH, Flehmig B, Moeckli R. Transmission of hepatitis E virus by transfusion ? Lancet 1993; 341: 825-6

8. Boxall E, Herborn A, Kochethu G, Pratt G, Adams D, Ijaz S, Teo CG. Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E in a ´nonhyperendemic´country. Transfusion Medicine 2006; 16:79-83

9. Wang CH. Hepatitis E virus infection: prevalence of anti-HEV neutralizing antibody. Epidemiology Bulletin CDC, Taiwan, ROC) 2001:17:301-26

10. Lee CC, Shih YL, Laio CS, Lin SM, Huang MM, Chen CJ, Chen CP, Chang CL, Chen LR, Tschen SY, Wang CH. Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis E virus among haemodialysis patients in Taiwan: possible infection by blood transfusion. Nephron Clin Pract; 2005: 99:c122-7