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Hepatitis
Antibody
Antigen
ELISA
Genotyping
Hepatitis Type A
Hepatitis Type E
Rapid Tests
Reference preparations
Vaccines
Hepatitis is characterised by fatigue, malaise, joint aches, abdominal pain, vomiting 2-3 times per day for the first 5 days, loss of appetite, dark urine, fever, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) and jaundice (icterus). Some chronic forms of hepatitis show very few of these signs and only present when the longstanding inflammation has led to the replacement of liver cells by connective tissue; the result is cirrhosis. Certain liver function tests can also indicate hepatitis.
Most cases of acute hepatitis are due to viral infections:
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- D-agent (requires presence of the hepatitis B virus)
- Hepatitis E
- Hepatitis F (discredited)
- Hepatitis G
In addition to the hepatitis viruses, some other viruses can cause hepatitis, including
Hepatitis Information, National Center for Infectious Diseases, USA
Hepatitis A in the Era of Vaccination.
High prevalence and mapping of pre-S deletion in hepatitis B virus carriers with progressive liver diseases.
Therapeutic implications of hepatitis B virus genotypes.
Prevalence of mutations in hepatitis C virus core protein associated with alteration of NF-kappaB activation.
Emerson SU, Purcell RH. Running like water--the omnipresence of hepatitis E. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2367-8.
